CDS 2026 Complete Guide
UPSC RECRUITMENT 2026

Combined Defence Services (CDS) Examination

Complete Overview of Eligibility Criteria, Exam Pattern, Syllabus, and Selection Pipeline for IMA, INA, AFA & OTA.

Eligibility Criteria

Check the qualifications, age limits, and gender requirements for each academy.

ARMY

IMA

Age: 19–24 Years

Status: Unmarried Males

Education: Graduation in any discipline from a recognized University.

NAVY

INA

Age: 19–24 Years

Status: Unmarried Males

Education: Degree in Engineering from a recognized University/Institution.

AIR FORCE

AFA

Age: 20–24 Years

Status: Unmarried Males

Education: Graduation with Physics & Math at 10+2 level OR B.E./B.Tech.

SHORT SERVICE

OTA

Age: 19–25 Years

Status: Men & Women

Education: Graduation in any discipline from a recognized University.

CDS Exam Pattern

Written examination structure for direct entry academies vs. Officers Training Academy.

Target Academy Subjects Included Duration Total Questions Max Marks
IMA, INA, AFA English + General Knowledge + Elementary Math 2 Hours (Per Paper) 340 Questions 300 Marks
OTA (Men & Women) English + General Knowledge 2 Hours (Per Paper) 240 Questions 200 Marks

*Note: Negative marking of 1/3rd mark (0.33) applies for every incorrect response.

Admission & Selection Pipeline

The 5-stage selection journey to earn the commission.

Stage 01

Online Application

Register on the UPSC OTR portal (upsconline.nic.in) during the application window and submit choices for preferences.

Stage 02

Written Examination

Appear for the offline OMR-based test conducted across designated exam centers pan-India.

Stage 03

SSB Interview (5 Days)

Stage I (OIR Test & PP&DT) followed by Stage II (Psychological Tests, GTO Tasks, Personal Interview, and Board Conference).

Stage 04

Medical Evaluation & Merit List

Comprehensive fitness verification by Military Medical Boards followed by final merit allocation based on written + SSB aggregate scores.

Detailed Syllabus Breakdown

Click on a subject to expand the topic coverage.

  • Reading Comprehension & Passages
  • Spotting Errors & Sentence Correction
  • Ordering of Words & Sentences in a Paragraph
  • Fill in the Blanks & Cloze Test
  • Synonyms, Antonyms & Vocabulary
  • Idioms and Phrases
  • Current Affairs: National, International, Defence News, Sports, Awards.
  • General Science: Physics, Chemistry, Biology (Class 9th & 10th NCERT standard).
  • Social Sciences: Indian History, Geography (Physical & World), Indian Polity & Constitution, Basic Economics.
  • Arithmetic & Number Theory: HCF/LCM, Prime/Composite Numbers, Profit & Loss, Simple & Compound Interest, Ratio & Proportion.
  • Algebra & Trigonometry: Basic Operations, Linear Equations, Trigonometric Ratios, Heights & Distances.
  • Geometry & Mensuration: Triangles, Circles, Quadrilaterals, Surface Area & Volume of 3D Objects.
  • Statistics: Bar Charts, Histograms, Pie Charts, Measures of Central Tendency.
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